Author
In a sense, this gospel was written by the community that followed the teachings of the disciple John. Some scholars identify this same person as the “Beloved Disciple” mentioned frequently in the gospel. The community likely resided in Ephesus, and there is a long tradition of reverence for the disciple John in that area.
Date
Analysis of this gospel indicates that it was written and revised over the course of many decades. It did not take its final shape until the late first century. It is the last gospel to be written and it reflects decades of reflection on the mystery of who Jesus was and is.
About the Gospel
Matthew, Mark, and Luke (“the Synoptic gospels”) follow a common framework and the timelines are fairly easy to reconcile. John is nothing like the Synoptics. This gospel leaves out many things, including a Last Supper narrative. It also includes many stories not found elsewhere, such as changing water into wine, the woman at the well, and the raising of Lazarus.
Items of Note
Hour Take note of hours and times given in the gospel, as they are always important details. Throughout the gospel, Jesus will say his “hour” has not yet come.
The Jews The gospel frequently refers to “The Jews” and, historically, this has led to a degree of anti-semitism. What the book means by “the Jews” is anyone who does not believe in Jesus as the son of God.
Christology The gospel of John presents the most divine Jesus of any of the gospels. In this gospel, Jesus is always in control and always knows what is coming. That said, pay attention to the humanity of Jesus that often appears in the gospel, such as when Jesus weeps at Lazarus’ tomb.
Outline
- Prologue 1:1-18
- The Book of Signs 1:19-12:50
- The Book of Glory 13:1-20:31
- Epilogue 21:1-25